Motivated edit K.H

The motivated editing technique is a simple way to transition from one shot, to the next shot. Making a natural looking shot can be tricky, the best way to make an edit look good is to make a motivated edit because it is not jumpy and will not effect the audience and how it is viewed.

Development of Drama SM

Editing is used to develop drama, the way footage is editied can determine the intensity of the clip. Putting certain clips togther and using different camera shots at certain points can benefit a video and develop drama.

Continuity K.H

Continuity editing is the style of film or TV editing. It is the smoothness of the shots moving from one to another. For example: If in a medium shot someone has just opened a door with their right hand and then in the next shot the same person was opening the door again then this would be an example of bad continuity. Continuity can also be effected by things such as props, for example, if in one shot a character was smoking and in the next shot they are doing something different then this an example of bad continuity. The purpose of continuity is to smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots

Digital Editng SM

With computers editing is a lot easier, it is all done digitally. Different editing software is used such as Final Cut Pro, Adobe Premier and iMovie, these types of software allows people to editing footage easily. All footage is imported to a project and then selected clips are placed into a timeline. These clips than then by edited whether its cutting clips or adding effects, video and audio can be edited during this process.

Final Cut Pro

Analogue Editing SM

Before computers, editng was completeted with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint. This was all done by hand and involved actually cutting and pasting different piece of the film using a splicerand it was then put through a maching like the Moviola or K.E.M.

Seamless K.H

'Seamless' is a technique used in the editing process, it is the transition between shots that make up an entire scene. Using the seamless technique is the idea of editing in film and t.v being 'invisible art' meaning that the editing is something that is not noticed becasue of the good quality.

Storytelling SM

Editing is used for many different things, one of the purposes is storytelling. A good edit means a good piece of footage. Any sequence needs to be able to tell a story to enable the audience to be engaged and entertained. The viewer needs to be drawn into the story and to do that it needs to be told well. the first step of this is editing.

Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space SM

Manipulation of diegetic time and space is when an edit is made to make a person, environment or object is changing over a period of time, they could ne getting older or younger. This is used is many different films, it allows the audience to see a time changed visibly.  An  example of this would be The Time Turner scene form Harry Potter and the Priosoner of Azkaban.

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

2004

Multiple Points of View SM

Multiple points of view refer to the different views of the person on screen, there are different ones to use.

Point Of View (POV)-A point of view shots show the perspective os the person on scrren, it makes the viewr feel like they are looking through the eyes of the main character/actor.

Over the Shoulder Shot-An over the shoulder shot (OSS) is wehn the camera is behind one person looking at the other person they are talking to, the shoulder and the back of the head are normally all the is captured in one of these shots.

 clip of over the shoulder shot

00:10-

Mean Girls 2004

Following the Action SM

When there is a big action scene such as a car chase a camera on a tripod doesn't work so a camera needs to be able to move. There is different equipment used to film scenes like these. A dolly shot or tracking shot  is when a cart is on a track and is then moved along it to record a shot. The camera is mounted on the cart to film all the footage. Most dollies also have have the ability to move vertically to capture footage that maybe high up or in some cases they can be fitted with cranes so footage at a higher level can be captured easily and successfully.

Filming The Alamo (2004) 

Photo By Sean Devine  

               

                                       

A Dolly Zoom is a technique that zooms in and out but adjusting the the zoom angle and ensuring the the subject in shot in the same size in the frame.A  dolly zoom is an unnatural effect and creates something that your eyes wouldn't see. This effect was made famous by Alfred Hitchcock in the film Vertigo and was later used by Steven Spielberg in Jaws.

A Dolly Zoom

Jaws



A Pan, Pedestal (Ped) and Tilt are also used to create different effects. A pan is used to capture shots horizontally, the camera is moved left or right. A pedestal is when the camera is moved vertical and captures anything that is high or low. Tilting is when the camera is pointed up or down but in a stationary position

In-Camera Editing SM

In camera editing is a technique that is used to create a sequence. Most edits are done using different high tech software such as Final Cut Po and Adobe Premier Pro but in-camera editing involves filming shots in the exact same order as they would appear on screen. It can be a tedious and long process as it take a lot of planning and time as all sots need to be considered before shooting. No editing equipment is used in this process it is all done using a camera.

Shot Variation KH

In film and TV the camera shots are used with movement to create a sequence of images. These shots include...

Framing...
-Extreme long shot - This shot is usually used at the beginning of a scene to set the scene and is usually an exterior such as outside a building where the scene is.
-Long shot - When a long shot is used the audience is focused on the characters in shot but enough of the background is shown. This category includes the full shot showing the entire human body, with the head near the top of the shot and the feet near the bottom.
-Medium shot - A medium shot contains a figure from the knees/waist up and is normally used for dialogue scenes, or to show a detail of action. Variations on this include the two shot or a three shot.
-Close up - This shows very little background, and concentrates on either a face, or a specific detail. This shot usually magnifies the object and is the core of the shot as background in the shot is usually blury
xtreme close up

Camera angles
-The bird's eye view - An extreme version of the close up, generally magnifying beyond what the human eye would experience in reality. An extreme close-up of a face, would show only the mouth or eyes, with no background detail whatsoever.
-High angle - The high angle is not so extreme as a bird's eye view. The camera is elevated above the action using a crane to give a general overview. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and less significant
-Eye level
-Low angle
-Oblique/Canted Angle

Camera movement
-Pans
-Tilts
-Dolly shot
-Hand held shot
-Crane shot
-Zoom lenses
-The Aerial Shot

The Purposes of Editing KH

In film and T.V editing is used to make a scene that has been filmed split up into various shots so that the scene is not all in one shot.  Film editing is often referred to as the "invisible art" as it is not recognised as a result of the good quality of editing. The purpose of editing is to make the film run smooth throughout the changing scenes. There are several editing stages and the editor's cut is the first, then there is the directors cut and the final edit is the final cut which is used for television and film. Editing is very important in film and television because if a film was not edited to a excellent standard then the film will not look professionand the editing would become really obvious.





This move trailer is an example of how editing is used to grab the viewers attention and bring them in and make them want to watch the film. The editing techniques used in the advert to switch from one part of the film to another. The advert is an example of "invisible art" because the editing is so good that it goes unnoticed. The purpose of editing in adverts is to show the viewers the best bits of the film so that people will want to go and see the film at the cinema or buy the film. 

Film and TV Editing SM

Film & TV Editing

Editing is a part of post production; it involves putting together different shots and making one large sequence. An editor’s role is to collect footage and assemble them together, this job can be challenging as this task requires the editor to put these shots together in a way that the audience cannot tell they have been edited. Editing involves working with video clips, sound and still images and they must all be placed in a sequence with excellent continuity.

Continuity is when a series of shots are put together and ‘flow’ the audience cannot physically tell that different clips are used, continuity simple looks like the camera has changed angle. For example coverage of a live sports event is an example of continuous footage.

There are three stages of editing:

1.     Editors cut

2.     Directors cut

3.     Final cut

Editors Cut

The editors cut is the first version of a show or film. the editor will put together a sequence that is normally much longer than what the end sequence will be. After this important creative decision need to be made with this cut. then a team will look at the continuity, balance of the story and then trim or delete scenes.

Directors Cut

The directors cut in a version of the video that the directors has overseen the editing of, it normally means that it is the version the directors likes but this version is never really final or ready for release.

Final Cut

The final cut is the version that has been looked at by the directors and is then past on to the producer(s) who will then make any changes they think are necessary, the producers are there to represent the studio to make sure the final cut is the best version.

The Principles of Editing

there are seven main principles to consider when editing, these are:

• Continuity
• Make the edit invisible
• There should be a motivation for every edit
• Bear audio in mind
• Editing in creating
• Don't overuse technique or visual effect

Although these are just general guidelines, they are useful to stick to as they can create a compelling final cut.

History of Editing
The first way of editng film was with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint. This was done by actually cutting and pasting different bits of footage, this was done using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a moviola.